People are making deliberate decisions to lead fulfilling and healthy lives. Nowadays, individuals are more conscious about their health and want to live a healthier lifestyle. Most people wish to consume beneficial food and carefully engage in regular physical activities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly fifty percent...
Obesity is a complex disease that involves an excessive amount of body fat. It is not simply a cosmetic concern; it is a medical condition that can increase the risk of other diseases and health problems. Obesity is a growing public health concern in developed countries, and it is estimated...
Introduction Among the most critical global health issues of the twenty-first century is childhood obesity. The problem is widespread and is increasingly impacting several middle- and low-income nations, especially in urban areas. Childhood obesity and overweight are known to affect mental and physical health negatively. These kids are more likely...
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Institute of Medicine’s Quality Dimensions of Healthcare Provision Healthcare is critical to the well-being of the human race. It enhances the quality of life and treats illnesses that interfere with the body’s regular operations. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Institute of...
Introduction Ventilator-associated pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of death among critically ill patients in intensive care units. Nursing interventions have been long identified as an efficient strategy for managing this condition. However, it is important to note that general guidelines are currently lacking – the COVID-19 pandemic has...
Summary The client is a university student experiencing extreme anxiety and depression about her school life. The four case management tasks will be used to help the client. The case plan will include aiding the client to identify her aspirations, which will involve critical thinking about what she is enthusiastic...
Summarizing Wang et al. (2020) study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress and depression levels among US college students. The researchers found a positive correlation between the spread of the pandemic and the level of stress and depression among students. Almost half of the respondents (48.14%) showed moderate...
It is obvious that quality in healthcare is critical to health promotion. There will be a continual transformation in the medical care business and new sophisticated treatment technologies and scientific advancements that will enhance clinical outcomes and completely increase patient satisfaction. It is critical to implement a culture of excellence...
Introduction Manuka honey is a natural compound that may be effective for wound management. Its quality to stop inflammation and stimulate injuries’ healing attracts attention and increases its value. While the medical efficiency of manuka honey is understudied, there are research papers that confirm that honey is indeed helpful. It...
The emergence of the Internet fostered a dynamic impact on human society mainly because of the paradigm shift of human interactions both in entrepreneurship and socially. Although its influence encompasses an array of positive approaches, it is a phenomenon that also leads to negative impacts. One of the Internet’s key...
Introduction Healthcare professionals rely on emerging clinical guidelines and resources to provide patient-centered medical services. Nurses engage in practicum sessions to interact with patients and other clinicians to learn more about the existing opportunities and challenges affecting the sector. This paper describes the findings and observations made after spending 2...
A nursing agency is a type of service agency that provides qualified nurses for temporary or part-time hire to hospitals, nursing homes, and elderly centers, among others. A nursing agency provides qualified personnel that has the same – and sometimes higher – level of competency and education as a hospital-employed...
When it comes to PHI, it is necessary to begin with the possible consequences of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA) violation. According to the HIPAA Journal (2021), all potential violations are divided into four tiers depending on their severity: Tier 1: organization was unaware of violation, could not...
The publication of To Err Is Human was a watershed moment for healthcare history, as it brought the problem of patient safety to the public. This milestone encouraged the development of numerous standards and interventions that helped improve patient safety. Wachter (2010) wrote that five years after the milestone publication,...
Introduction I believe that the stress associated with the preparation for exams has significantly affected my productivity and overall well-being. According to Kerr and Macaskill (2020), light emotional outbursts are helpful since they positively affect performance and enhance mental activity. However, in my case, the amount of stress was overwhelming...
Introduction Autism is a serious condition which affects numerous children and impacts their entire lives at times, making them unable to function properly in society. Doctors, parents, scientists, and policymakers have for a long time been searching for effective autism treatments and tried to establish regulations in this sphere. Gluten...
Cardiovascular diseases are widespread across the world, and the United States is not an exception. Among the whole population, the most suffer from it older people due to specific aging factors. Age is strongly connected to the functioning of the heart and people’s quality of life. Besides, several lung diseases...
Introduction Bioethics arose due to rapid scientific and technological progress in health care. Modern medical personnel deal with entirely new conditions of human bodies. The deeper scientists immerse in the study and change of the natural laws, the more significant moral and ethical risks society faces. As a result, doctors...
Jenny does not have most of the DSM-V criteria for a SUD: she has no delusions and hallucinations. However, analyzing the emotions and behavior of the patient, it is possible to identify her psychotic disorder with predominantly depressive psychotic symptoms. From a conversation with her, it is possible to identify...
Quantitative studies are a valuable source of evidence for a practitioner’s decision-making because the statistical results and conclusions based on the calculated data are perceived as objective and reliable. The issue is the increasing number of skipped follow-up appointments among the impoverished population representatives of a practicum site. The article...
Rehabilitation refers to interventions utilized in the clinical practice as part of rehabilitative care aiming to optimize the functional outcomes of patients and promote recovery. Eliminating symptoms and returning to healthy functioning are the primary objectives of this strategy (Martinelli & Ruggeri, 2020). According to Morin and Franck (2017), the...
Cellulite is a common condition that is caused by fat pushing onto the connective tissue and creating the look of bumpy skin. While it is extremely common and most adult women and men with certain conditions have it, there are no physical risks correlating with cellulite. This, however, does not...
Introduction There is an urgent need for a disaster recovery strategy for the Vila Health Community in the region. The residents of the town were caught off guard by an unforeseen calamity. Their sole plan was a notebook full of resources, but nothing tangible about what to do when disaster...
I believe the high cost of healthcare to be one of the most critical issues concerning legislation and policy of the current healthcare environment. For various reasons, healthcare is extremely regulated, and those regulations are closely connected to markets (Kee, 2019). Due to the influence of regulatory structure, certain conflicts...
Introduction Various areas of business and life in commercial and non-profit organizations evolve over time. Health systems are changing, and nurses who take on an important and direct role in it are beginning to reshape their practices in response to new demands from society and emerging opportunities. Thus, their scope...
Alzheimer’s is a degenerative disease primarily affecting the elderly population. According to Dr. Cohen, fewer resources are dedicated to preventing and treating Alzheimer’s due to the fundamental lack of awareness (Cohen, 2015). Though Alzheimer’s is an equal cause of death as cancer, more resources are availed to cancer research as...
I believe that showing genuine care by instilling confidence in the proposed treatment for a patient is essential during consultations for them to have the full effect. A counselor must display competence as a professional whose opinion is based on a solid foundation, as this confidence will be transferred to...
The PICO question format allows healthcare students and professionals to take on specific problems through a focused and well-defined approach. In this research paper, the following PICO question will be discussed: in hospital healthcare personnel, what is the effectiveness of cooperation-focused programs compared with standard self-care practices on the burnout...
Introduction This paper is dedicated to the concepts of patient safety and health care quality. The essence of patient safety lies in the prevention of intentional and unintentional harm to the patients. In other words, healthcare personnel should avoid errors, injuries, and assignment of inappropriate treatment. The concept of health...
Summary Nursing staff turnover is costly as it decreases the organization’s productivity and the quality of patient care. This proposal is based on the following data: Quarterly retention rates for graduate nurses within a six-month period from hire are down 6%. Nurses positions open = 180, applicants for open positions...
Poor communication between healthcare professionals in the operating room can lead to adverse outcomes. Lack of adequate communication between surgeons, anesthesiologists, and nurses can lead to events that endanger the life of any patient. The study of surgical results focuses mainly on risk factors and the professionalism of the head...
Objectives that Affect the Community The Healthy People 2020 Mental Health and Mental Disorders section includes two aspects that affect many individuals in my community. The first issue involves adolescent eating disorders, while the second relates to depression. Reason for Choosing the Objectives MHMD-3 aims to reduce the proportion of...
I got to know all leader types and understood how to use these approaches in the working process, and I understood the essential qualities of a nursing leader. I have a clear understanding that being a good leader means implementing a “flexible approach to each individual situation where leadership is...
The US is a sleep-deprived society, and the situation is getting worse. According to the National Sleep Foundation, about 30 million Americans have chronic sleep disorders. Over 20% of the nation is getting less than 6 hours of sleep a day, and that proportion is increasing from one year to...
Introduction An eating disorder is a condition whereby an individual is characterized by persistent disturbance in their eating behavior. Many eating disorders emanate from distressing emotions and thoughts, and it ranges from mild to chronic disorder (Wilson et al. 71). The most common types of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa...
Introduction Nursing practitioners (NPs) responsibilities and opportunities vary between the states, and while in specific parts of the country, they are independent, the same activities are restricted in others. The scope of practice in California is a specific example of how the limitations severely impact healthcare quality. Practitioners face the...
Summary A medical issue poses a global danger in a myriad of populations and is often affected by external factors such as geographic location, socio-economic background, access to health care, and adequate knowledge of prevention and treatment. Despite these differences, the prevalence of heart failure is prominent worldwide and incredibly...
Introduction Reduce new pancreatic cancer illnesses by improving access to treatment and nutrition and by lowering cancer-related inequities via a more concerted approach to pancreatic cancer care. The goal of the action plan is divided into three sub-tiers: (1) to reduce the number of new cases of pancreatic cancer, (2)...
Psychiatric patients with significant threats to coexistence with others are admitted to government-managed facilities built across all states. Those who experience mild symptoms get treated in the outpatient wing. This wing is run by family therapists, marriage counselors, clinically equipped social workers, professional psychiatrists and psychologists, and religious leaders who...
Introduction As the chief quality and safety director at Jasmine Hospital and Medical Center in Pine City, Colorado, the ultimate goal is to provide patients with the highest level of medical care possible. A significant concern concerning the care provided by a general trauma emergency department staffed by generalists is...
Summary The article under consideration was published in 2021 by Nicholas Kristof and entitled “Nicholas Kristof: What are sperm telling us?”. The article dwells upon the current changes in the reproductive function of people. An increasing number of men and women have reproductive abnormalities, such as a decreased number of...
Introduction Nurses are an integral part of the healthcare system and are crucial in supporting patients’ well-being. While nurses’ primal focus is taking care of patients, they also encounter multiple demands from their colleagues and hospital management (Haahr et al., 2019). Nurses face challenges related to pressure at work, bullying,...
Introduction It is not easy to provide healthcare that can cover all medical expenses to all citizens. One reason is related to health insurance, whereby insurance coverage is usually uneven. This unevenness is because minorities and deprived families do not have access to insurance coverage. As a result, these unprivileged...
Introduction The difficulties of mental health range from concerns that people face in daily life to significant long-term illnesses. According to Hunter, “Behavioral health is being used as a generic term to include services for health behavior change like weight loss, substance misuse, behavioral medicine interventions such as chronic pain...
Introduction Critically ill patients in hospital care usually have higher morbidity and mortality risks, therefore requiring rapid clinical decision-making. Extreme conditions raise the possibility of medical errors in the anesthetic prescription for those patients, which results in increased pain and reduced opportunities for treatment. Among the critically ill patients with...
Coronary artery disease (CAD) currently remains one of the leading heart conditions in the US. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2021), nearly 360,000 people died of CAD in 2019. Moreover, approximately 7% of the nation’s population aged 20 and older live with CAD (CDC, 2021)....
Psychological trauma occurs when a person is forced to suppress the natural flight-or-fight response in a stressful situation. They seem to freeze along with their feelings and emotions. It turns out that the vast energy does not find a way out. These remain inside, expressed in an uncompleted action that...
Lamictal is applied to treat epilepsy, depression, and bipolar disorder. Lamictal (lamotrigine) is an anticonvulsant and can treat epileptic seizures in children and adults. Its aim is to delay the mood swings that are typical for bipolar disorder. Lamotrigine is most effective for the treatment of bipolar disorder in its...
Introduction Type-2 diabetes is a long-term chronic illness that results in high blood sugars in an individual’s bloodstream. This type of diabetes is a result of interrelated problems of the pancreas producing inadequate insulin and the body cells adapting by absorbing fewer sugars leading to blood sugar build-up. The condition...
Having worked with people for almost a decade, I have discovered that people rarely acknowledge that their slightest actions are motivated by their thoughts and environment. Indeed, the concept of motivation goes far beyond a desire to achieve a specific goal, as it expands to a person’s vision of the...
Project Mission Statement Providing the training and support needed to develop standards of care for preventing, detecting, and treating obstetric bleeding. Collaborate with patients and their families to optimize care and support for obstetric bleeding. Identification and elimination of differences in health care related to clinical practice. Project Purpose and...
Medical social workers perform their duties in a vast range of health care settings. Consequently, they should adjust their daily practices to be congruent with the needs of their specific facility, its functions, and policy. The work on the psychiatric hospital has its peculiarities and challenges connected to the patient...
Introduction A nurse in the United States is positioned as a doctor’s partner, which is logical: a nurse is constantly in contact with the patient, meets all their needs, responds promptly to the deterioration of their physiological and psychological well-being, and builds relationships with relatives of patients. The nurse’s primary...
Introduction The demand to improve the efficiency of the hospital’s processes and its profitability is especially pertinent in the healthcare sector. As institutions that are required to provide high-quality patient care and thousands of occupations for medical professionals, clinical establishments must rely on the most productive methods of reorganization during...
The Red Crossbody is charged with the responsibility of assisting local healthcare systems in disaster preparedness by providing emergency relief, reconfiguration and restoration, and long-term engagement. The Red Cross Society has experienced professionals with a wide range of geographical and work expertise. Experts help in instituting long-term development initiatives in...
Introduction Ever since the advancement of the digitalization of healthcare in the 1990s, robotics has become increasingly common in modern hospital facilities. As it stands, robot assistants are being utilized in different areas of surgery, administration, healthcare enhancement, and patient support (Riek, 2017). Nevertheless, there are voices criticizing the increased...
Introduction The development of the practicum project in nursing informatics requires the identification and evaluation of various aspects. On the one hand, it is necessary to consider organizational issues like effective or failed leadership, management, and support. On the other hand, research and technical issues play an important role in...
Covid-19 has changed the usual way of life of a person, turning most of the processes into a remote routine. The pandemic also caused the death of many people and accordingly made relatives, and close people suffer. When we lose something, we experience negative emotions, but if it is a...
Summary There are numerous psychiatric illnesses and conditions that not only prevent people from living their lives as they want but also make them do terrible things to other individuals. It is proven that “some types of severe mental illness increase the risk that a person will perpetrate a violent...
Introduction Cortisol is one of the essential steroid hormones, and it has multiple functions in the human body. Traditionally defined as a stress hormone, it is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal cortex’s zona fasciculata layer (Thau et al., 2021). In general, the majority of cells have cortisol receptors, and...
HIV is a serious global health problem because, without prevention and treatment, it leads to the destruction of the human immune system and death. HIV is still an incurable disease, but since the detection of this virus, medicine has advanced so far that people with HIV can live long and...
With the population suffering from mental health conditions and substance use disorders, there is a drastic increase in demand for qualified mental health professionals. Nevertheless, the need for such professionals currently significantly outweighs the supply, threatening the nation’s ability to provide a critical medical service in a proper and timely...
Introduction Patient care has always been a driving force in terms of health care development and continuous quality improvement. According to the researchers, the conventional, evidence-based practice model has now evolved into the medicine-based personalized care approach that focuses on the individual medical profiling of the patient (Horwitz et al.,...
Introduction The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) is a nursing portfolio that provides reports on the process, structure, and outcome metrics that explore the care at a unit level. Usually, the reports are derived at quarterly or yearly intervals. Nursing-sensitive indicators refer to the elements of patient care...
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic became a severe challenge for the world and demonstrated the critical importance of the stable work of the healthcare sector. The constantly growing number of patients required mobilization of available resources, their practical use, and distribution to stop the further spread of the virus and provide...
Introduction State financial sources are the basis of the healthcare economy of any developed country. It is believed that an increase in the financing of the health care system makes it possible to improve the population’s access to medical care, which, accordingly, is reflected in improving the quality of life...
The need for safety and quality enhancement initiatives pervades the health care system. In the course of providing medical services, mistakes occur and these may negatively affect patient outcomes. To ensure that these errors do no reemerge, an improvement plan must be in place. Thus, the goal of this improvement...
The qualitative research methods tend to heavily rely on the data obtained by an individual through interviews, questionnaires, artifacts, and sometimes even recordings. On the contrary, quantitative research is a methodology that focuses more on quantifying the collection and data analysis. Nonetheless, documentary research is another common sampling strategy entailing...
Introduction Glitches are a natural component of every human institution, including work productivity. Even modest errors can have catastrophic consequences in specific high-risk sectors, such as medicine, nuclear energy, aerospace, and passenger trains. When pediatricians, pharmacists, psychiatrists, and other front-line professionals make even slight errors during care coordination, the repercussions...
Research Topic The selected research problem is the frequent cases of eye diseases and infections in patients with COVID-19, which is insufficiently addressed from the practical perspective. Meanwhile, scholars claim that it is critical for the population’s health and symptoms corresponding to the above conditions, such as conjunctival congestion, conjunctival...
Introduction Falling into a persistent vegetative state (PVS) is another situation that might be complex for a patient, caregivers, and close people. It involves ethical and medical issues, the living will of a client, his/her prior recommendations and decisions, and advance care planning. PVS can trigger vigorous debates about future...
Hosp, Simona, et al. “Eccentric Exercise, Kinesiology Tape, and Balance in Healthy Men.” Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 52, no. 7, 2017, pp. 636-642. The article explores the effect of using kinesiotaping on eccentric exercise. In particular, the authors emphasize that the main cause of knee injuries during physical activity...
Early Steps is a specific intervention program in the Florida healthcare system that targets infants and toddlers in age from birth to 36 months with risks or conditions of developmental disabilities. The program was implemented in 2013 and originally only provided services for children with manifested development delays and disabilities....
Introduction The contents of the paper will cover the following aspects. First, I will introduce the issue of pressure ulcers and explain why it is essential to address the issue. Next, the main objective of the proposed program will be mentioned. We will also discuss the questions and predictions concerning...
Defining and Measuring Variables The apparent problem with Delvin’s study entails inquiring about sensitive personal questions and how the information is utilized in the study. Misusing background information about the students is likely to raise ethical issues. Besides, the information is useful in objectionable and unfair ways that can disadvantage...
Introduction People have become more cautious about healthy eating. Air fryers are among the innovation to overcome unhealthy food issues. The fryers provide food limited in fat, calories, and toxins. The current discussion will empower people to make health decisions in food preparation. Air Fryer Benefits Air fryers provide food...
Introduction Antipsychotic medications, also referred to as major tranquilizers or neuroleptics, should be administered for the treatment of psychosis affecting KN who is a 26-year-old male. They eliminate symptoms linked to psychotic conditions including senile psychoses, psychotic depression, bipolar, drug-induced psychoses, and organic psychoses. In some cases, people with psychosis...
Are Vaccines Effective? Disease prevention is considered to be better and cheaper compared to treatment. Vaccines help in saving life because it is effective in reducing or eradicating some diseases (Busby, 2018). Vaccine boasts an individual’s immunity to increase protection to an infection before coming into contact with that infection....
In December 2016, the 21st-century cures Act was passed by the congresses and signed by President Obama. The law covered many healthcare aspects intending to personalize healthcare, support research, and innovation, modernize healthcare and streamline the system (Important Laws and Regulations in Health Informatics, 2021). Personalization of healthcare focuses on...
As an LPN working in a psychiatric hospital, I am aware of a variety of trends which currently persist in my professional setting. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent inability to see their doctors caused thousands of people to relapse, engage in substance abuse, and behave aggressively, which ultimately made them...
Effective communication among healthcare professionals such as nurses and non-clinical staff is one factor that guarantees patient safety. Communication fosters teamwork, standardized handoffs, facilitates the involvement of families’ involvement, and the development of a clear escalation procedure. According to Iedema et al. (2019), when healthcare providers communicate effectively, they minimize...
Overdiagnosis is a critical matter when it comes to medical concerns. The harms of the same arise from normal circumstances such as grief, menopause, and shyness, which can adversely affect an individual when deemed an illness. Samuel is fully aware of the diagnosis he is giving, and he has put...
A third of a person’s life is spent in a dream, which means that it is extremely important for health. For decades, psychologists and neuropathologists have been studying sleep and its impact on well-being and performance. Currently, due to the fast pace of life, stress, and hard work, the problem...
Introduction A challenging situation I engaged in as a professional involved an old woman with type 2 diabetes refusing to take medicine because she was afraid of potential side effects. It was a chronic and irreversible problem at this point. The goals of the treatment were aimed at controlling blood...
Definition and Process Clinical decision support system is a software that assists clinicians in effective decision-making in terms of treating a patient. CDSS is claimed to provide the necessary quality of care, reduce medical errors and avoid potential wrong drug prescription. In other words, this means that CDSS is focused...
Gastrointestinal Terms It is crucial to possess good knowledge of medical terms because of their universal use and importance in enhancing communication among medics. The broader their vocabulary, the more competent the medical professionals become to their colleagues and patients (Watermeyer et al., 2021). To understand the terminologies, the words...
Information technology (IT) in the Health Care Information technology (IT) failure in healthcare organizations happens when software incompatibility issues emerge, making Electronic Healthcare Systems (EHS) not configure existing medical practice issues. IT breach, on the other hand, ensues when there is a specific impermissible usage or disclosure that compromises the...
The main reason mental disorders and people with them are stigmatized is the presence of a massive number of prejudices and stereotypes. They stem from a lack of understanding by the general public. A person with a mental illness may look normal, but even in the absence of physiological manifestations,...
Exercise has a significant influence on the body’s ability to respond to stress. However, not all exercise can be conducive to stress reduction since irregular physical activities affect people’s bodies as stress itself (LaCaille & Taylor, 2013). However, regular exercise leads to improved recovery from stress and the overall reduction...
The brain is the central organizing organ that coordinates all of the bodies’ functions. Cancer treatment-related adverse events lead to central nervous system (CNS) degradation (Kovalchuk, & Kolb, 2017). Chemotherapy-induced cerebral impairment, often referred to as chemo brain, corresponds to symptoms such as amnesia, blurry psychological vision, and difficulty making...
Concerns on the Dimension of Time Meaningful Use (MU) as an incentive for electronic health records (EHR) is a major initiative that will revolutionize the healthcare sector. Concerns about time in implementing this program amongst the providers arise (Shea et al., 2014). Some providers assert that the implementation of the...
Introduction Every health care professional should provide the best quality care and maintain patient safety. Previous assessment consists of a brief overview and library research regarding the issue interfering with the quality of care and safety of patient – medication errors (MEs). This paper aims to explore this problem in-depth:...
Authors Names, Credentials and Affiliation Josely Pinto de Moura is a Brazilian medical doctor and a professor at the University of São Paulo. She has been teaching at several other universities in the country. She is an accomplished author and has worked with other medical scholars to publish over 8...
Measles is a severe and highly contagious respiratory disease whose symptoms are rashes and high fever. A severe measles infection can lead to complications such as severe respiratory infections, blindness, or even encephalitis. Due to the seriousness of the diseases, an outbreak can result in severe consequences or even death...
Quality has increasingly become a predominant section of daily life. Individuals are continuously searching for quality services and products. High quality medical care is a need for people to get a fulfilling and productive life, yet there is inadequate provision of healthcare services (Mosadeghrad. 2014). the accountability of providing quality...
Introduction Addressing personality disorders is a demanding and challenging task since it involves changing patients’ behaviors and encouraging them to alter their perceptions of themselves and relationships with others. Therefore, understanding personality disorders is vital in assisting patients in fighting the challenges that the disorders in question represent for their...
Health outcomes and patient satisfaction can determine the quality of care in a hospital. Nurses play an essential role in supporting clients and reaching specific health goals. Since nursing is a practical profession, it requires applying evidence-based methods and scientific theories (Jacob, 2018). Nursing theory can be defined as “a...
It is important to focus on resolving conflict in healthcare because the skills lead to improved teamwork, advanced productivity, and a notable improvement in patient satisfaction. In this case, it enables the realization of strategies that can be utilized in addressing disruptive physicians, and also difficult situations in healthcare are...
Abstract The importance of demonstrating ethical consideration toward patient data has risen considerably since the inclusion of electronic health records (EHR). Various clinical organizations utilize digital systems to store sensitive information, prompting the discussion of clientele confidentiality issues. This paper focuses on ascertaining the possible ethical concerns related to EHR...
When thinking of leadership and its manifestation in health care, many people imagine a conventional hierarchy with a leader placed above the followers in order to lead and empower. However, over the past decades, the paradigm of leadership has shifted from authority to compassion and role modeling through empathy and...