The Chromatography Applications

Chromatography findings are widely used for environmental application with an objective to perform a row of operations aiming to detect pollutants in different constitutes of the environment including water, air, and soil (Morin-Crini & Crini 2013). In their article “Headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the sensitive determination of benzotriazole UV stabilizers in water samples”, Carpinteiro et al. (2011) have addressed the theme of chromatography implementation with an objective to detect hazardous chemical pollutants in environmental water. The following paper will summarize the findings made in the given article and make conclusions as to its significance for environmental protection. In addition, the project will address other scientists’ findings to compare and contrast with the information provided by Carpinteiro et al. (2011) and evaluate the validity and reliability of the main article findings based on the data provided by other researchers.

Carpinteiro et al. (2011) have analyzed the way chromatography findings can be used to detect five ultraviolet absorbers that refer to benzotriazole class in the environmental water samples. Based on their research, they have proposed a sensitive procedure to determine the five ultraviolet absorbers in various types of environmental waters. The researchers have achieved the following result conducting their experiments, “three of the five species included in this research were determined in raw wastewater with a maximum concentration of 57 ng l⁻¹ for the Tinuvin 326 UV absorber” (Carpinteiro et al. 2011, p. 829). To confirm the results of their research study, the scientists resorted to the use of gas chromatography along with tandem mass spectrometry detection (Carpinteiro et al. 2011). The complexity that they faced during their experiments was the high lipophilic character of the ultraviolet absorbers. Due to this peculiarity, these chemicals were subjected to the strong trend to remain sorbed in solid substances and surfaces (Carpinteiro et al. 2011).

The same trend was observed even when significant doses of methanol of over 20% were added to the water samples. To finally overcome the existing complexity and ensure valid and reliable results of their experiments, the researchers have resolved to minimize the studied sample they used during the enrichment phase of studies (Carpinteiro et al. 2011). In their research study towards gas chromatography application to studying the source, transport, and fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment, Nelson et al. (2016) have faced a similar complexity. To proceed with their research, the scientists have used a similar technique of research sample minimization. This finding in Nelson et al. (2016) suggests that Carpinteiro et al. (2011) have utilized an effective procedure to eliminate the emerging difficulty and make their research conclusions reliable. Research conducted by Ye, Liu and Chen (2014) is another support from the scholarly literature to conclude that sample minimization is an effective technique to achieve reliable results while utilizing gas chromatography for ultraviolet absorbers detection in environmental water.

In conclusion, it should be pointed out that Carpinteiro et al. (2011) have conducted an important study using gas chromatography with an objective to detect five ultraviolet absorbers in the environmental water. Their experiments have proved the effectiveness of the proposed sensitive procedure to carry out the intended task. The findings made by these scientists can have their wide application for the environmental protection strategies development and especially for the detection of environmental waters pollutants.

Reference List

Carpinteiro, I, Abuín, B, Rodríguez, I, Cela, R & Ramil, M 2011, ‘Headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the sensitive determination of benzotriazole UV stabilizers in water samples,’ Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 497, no. 2, pp. 829-839.

Morin-Crini, N & Crini, G 2013, ‘Environmental applications of water-insoluble β-cyclodextrin–epichlorohydrin polymers,’ Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 344-368.

Nelson, R, Aeppli, C, Arey, J, Chen, H, de Oliveira, A, Eiserbeck,… & Hall, G 2016, ‘Applications of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (gc× gc) in studying the source, transport, and fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment,’ Standard Handbook of Oil Spill Environmental Forensics.

Ye, Q, Liu, L, & Chen, Z 2014, ‘Analysis of phthalate acid esters in environmental water by magnetic graphene solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,’ Journal of Chromatography, vol. 1329, no. 2, pp. 24-29.